11/24/2023 0 Comments Old manuscripts illuminatedLondon, British Library, Add MS 5111, Canon Tables from Byzantine Gospel Book ( London Canon Tables Commons).17, 2-102 and Cambridge, Magdalene College, Pepysian MS 2981 (19) ( Durham Gospels) Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS A.Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS 55 ( Codex Usserianus Primus (Ussher Gospels)).Yerevan, Matenadaran, M2374 (four lists of the Echmiadzin Gospel ).36.23 Augusteus 2 ( Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum) Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Cod.Vienna, Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod.Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, MS nouv.Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod.London, British Library, MS Cotton Otho B.Würzburg, Universitätsbibliothek, Cod.Uppsala, Uppsala University Library ( Codex Argenteus).Rossano, Cathedral, Archiepiscopal Treasury, s.London, British Library, Harley MS 1775 ( 6th century Italian Vulgate Gospel Book).Fulda monastery, Landesbibliothek, Cod.Florence, Biblioteca Mediceo Lauenziana, MS Plut.Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 286 ( St.Brescia, Biblioteca Civica Queriniana, s.n.( Charioteer Papyrus)Ħth century Gospel Books London, Egypt Exploration Society, s.n.London, Wellcome Library, MS 5753, Johnson Papyrus.Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica, Cod.Naples, Biblioteca Vittorio Emanuele III, 1 B 18 ( Old Testament fragment).Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Cod.No longer extant ( Calendar of Filocalus)ĥth century Biblical Texts.416, and Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica, Cod. British Library, Papyrus 3053 (=Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 2470), possibly from as late as the 6th century.Oxford, Sackler Library, Oxyrhynchus Pap.In addition, the five wounds were focal to Bromholm Priory's key devotional feasts-the Passion and the Exaltation of the Cross-when pilgrims came to venerate the Rood. Symbols representing the five wounds are depicted on Underwood's tomb in Norwich, despite not being commonly found in Norfolk's churches. A passionate supporter of the Roman Catholic church, Underwood became auxiliary bishop of Norfolk in 1505 then lost his position in 1535 so it's likely the roll was made between these dates.įurther connections between the roll, the Rood and Underwood can be made through the imagery of the five wounds Christ received during his crucifixion, according to the study. Turner has been able to estimate the document's age through a reference in the roll to 'John of Chalcedon' or John Underwood, the penultimate prior of Bromholm. Indeed, the historian reveals abrasion marks are visible on the Bromholm roll where the owner has engaged in such a 'devotional act identified in other similar rolls'. Worshippers regularly touched or kissed images of Jesus on the cross in an attempt, says Turner, "to experience Christ's Passion more directly and powerfully". The relic transformed the Priory into a popular pilgrimage site mentioned by Geoffrey Chaucer and in The Vision of Piers Plowman. The 'Rood of Bromholm', as it is known to historians, supposedly contained a fragment of the cross upon which Jesus was crucified. "It gives insight into the devotional rituals connected to a large crucifix ('Rood') at Bromholm Priory, in Norfolk, and uncovers a direct link between this 16 th century artifact and a famous religious relic once associated among Christians with miracles." "In particular," art historian, and study author, Gail Turner states, "the study demonstrates Christian devotion in medieval England. Now in private hands and previously unknown to experts, this meter-long roll provides fresh insights into Christian pilgrimage, and the cult of the Cross before Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries.Įxamination of the ancient roll's illustrations and text, including religious verse in Latin and English, are published in the peer-reviewed Journal of the British Archaeological Association.
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